Different patients have different volume of distribution for the same drug.
- Also, the body composition of patients can affect the volume of distribution of drugs. The volume of distribution for lipophilic drugs in obese patients is larger than the volume of distribution in non-obese patients.
- Patients who have the same body weight, but have significantly different body composition, may have different volume of distribution for the same drug. For this reason, the ideal body weight is used frequently to calculate the appropriate doses of drugs in patients.
Drugs have different volumes of distribution because they have different physiochemical properties. These physiochemical properties affect the drug affinity to different tissues and the tissue distribution characteristics.
Examples:
- Highly lipophilic drugs are distributed readily to fatty tissues, while hydrophilic drugs are not.
- Lipophilic drugs can cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) and distribute to the brain, while hydrophilic drugs cannot cross the BBB.
- Highly hydrophilic drugs are distributed mainly to the extracellular space, and are not distributed to fatty tissues.