A first-order process is a process that has a rate proportional to the amount of the reactant involved in this process.
For example, if the rate of the process is proportional to the amount of the drug available for the process, this means that this process follows first-order process. The proportionality constant is the first-order rate constant for the process. e.g.
Elimination rate = Elimination rate constant x drug amount
Transfer rate = Transfer rate constant x drug amount
Distribution rate = Distribution rate constant x drug amount
The half life is the time required for the amount of the drug or the plasma concentration of the drug to decrease by 50% . The half life has units of time.
The half life of a drug is constant within a patient (dose and concentration independent) when the drug elimination process follows first-order kinetics. However different patients may have different half lives for the same drug.
The half life is a very important parameter, because it indicates how fast the drug is eliminated from the body. Drugs with shorter half lives are eliminated faster than those with longer half lives.
It is the integral of the plasma concentration-time profile from time zero to time infinity.
It has units of mass-time/volume.
The area under the curve after an iv administration is dependent on the administered dose and the total body clearance.
The total body clearance is the volume of the plasma or blood that is completely cleared from the drug per unit time. It has units of volume/time. The total body clearance for a drug is constant within a patient (dose and concentration independent) when the elimination processes follow first-order kinetics.
The total body clearance is a measure of the efficiency of all eliminating organs in eliminating the drug and it is the sum of all organ clearances (i.e. total body clearance is the sum of the renal clearance, hepatic clearance and all other clearances).
The total body clearance and the volume of distribution (the independent parameters) determine the elimination rate constant and the half life (the dependent parameters).
CLT
Vd = kFor one compartment model
CLT
Vc = k10For two compartment model